"Police managers earned legitimacy primarily through being foremost among equals. The current findings supported studies suggesting that managers face complexity and uncertainty in their work as well as those that downplay what managers ought to do, focussing instead on what it is possible to achieve. The implication of these findings for practice is that individual police managers need to develop their own ways of tackling personal, strategic, relational and operational challenges."
Source: Karp, T., Filstad, C., & Glomseth, R. (2018). Police Practice and Research. Read more here and full text for AIPM students.